Algebra 2 Advanced

Powers & Roots of Complex Numbers

Apply De Moivre's Theorem to raise complex numbers to any power and find all nth roots.

Live Calculator · Step-by-Step · Algebra 2

Input

Examples

Examples

Results

Enter values and click Calculate to see results.
Input z
Polar form z
zⁿ Polar form
zⁿ Rectangular
rⁿ (modulus)
n·θ (degrees)
n·θ (radians)
Input z
Polar form z
Root modulus r^(1/n)
Angle spacing

All n roots:

    Step-by-Step Solution

    Complex Plane (Argand Diagram)

    De Moivre's Theorem

    (r·cis θ)ⁿ = rⁿ·cis(nθ)

    To raise a complex number to the nth power:

    Step 1: Convert z = a + bi to polar form: r = √(a² + b²), θ = atan2(b, a).

    Step 2: Raise the modulus to the nth power: rⁿ.

    Step 3: Multiply the argument by n: nθ.

    Step 4: Convert back to rectangular: rⁿ·cos(nθ) + i·rⁿ·sin(nθ).

    Polar form makes powers elegant: multiply moduli and add arguments. De Moivre extends this to any integer n.

    Nth Roots of a Complex Number

    wₖ = r^(1/n)·cis((θ + 2πk)/n), k = 0,1,…,n−1

    Every nonzero complex number has exactly n distinct nth roots, equally spaced around a circle of radius r^(1/n).

    Step 1: Convert z to polar: r, θ.

    Step 2: Compute the root modulus: r^(1/n).

    Step 3: For each k = 0, 1, …, n−1 compute angle (θ + 2πk)/n.

    The roots are separated by 2π/n radians (360°/n) on the Argand diagram.

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