Algebra 2 Intermediate

Complex Conjugate

Find the conjugate of a+bi, compute the product z·z̄ = a²+b², and use conjugates to rationalize complex denominators.

Live Calculator · Step-by-Step · Algebra 2
Conjugate & Modulus
Rationalize 1/z
Argand Diagram
Enter z = a + bi
z =
3 + 4i
Enter real numbers. Use negatives freely. b = 0 gives a real number.
Examples
Results
Enter values for a and b above and press Calculate to see the conjugate, product z·z̄, modulus, and more.
Step-by-Step Solution
Argand Diagram — Complex Plane
What is a Complex Conjugate?
z = a + bi → z̄ = a − bi

The conjugate of z = a + bi is z̄ = a − bi. Geometrically, it is the reflection of z across the real axis in the complex plane (the Argand diagram).

Key identities that always hold:

  • z · z̄ = a² + b² (always a non-negative real number)
  • z + z̄ = 2a (always real)
  • z − z̄ = 2bi (always purely imaginary)
  • |z| = √(z · z̄) = √(a² + b²) (the modulus)
The product z·z̄ "kills" the imaginary part. That's why conjugates are the key to dividing complex numbers.
Rationalizing with the Conjugate
1/(a+bi) = (a−bi) / (a²+b²)

To divide by a complex number, multiply numerator and denominator by the conjugate. This turns the denominator into a real number:

1/(a+bi) · (a−bi)/(a−bi) = (a−bi)/(a²+b²)

In general:

(c+di)/(a+bi) = (c+di)(a−bi) / (a²+b²)

  • Multiply top and bottom by the conjugate of the denominator.
  • The denominator becomes a² + b² — a real number.
  • Distribute the numerator and simplify real and imaginary parts.

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