Every SAT Math Question Type

The complete map of the SAT Math section as nineteen recurring question types, ordered by their measured frequency in a 1675-question College Board bank: what each type looks like on screen, the one opening move that beats the others, and the wrong answer built for you. Covers nonlinear and linear functions, equations and systems, equivalent expressions, area and volume, ratios and percentages, one- and two-variable data, inequalities, right-triangle trigonometry, circles, conditional probability, margin of error and statistical claims, and closes with a ranked study order and a four-week plan.

Subject: SAT Prep · 62 slides · symbolic lesson

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What this lesson covers

The lesson, slide by slide

1. Every SAT Math Question Type

Title

SAT Math · The complete map

Nineteen types, ranked by how often they actually appear

2. By the end of this deck you can

Objectives

This deck is a map, not a textbook. It will not teach you to factor; it will teach you to recognise which of nineteen questions you are looking at, and what to do first.

  1. Name all nineteen Math question types and say which domain each belongs to.
  2. Rank them by frequency, and explain why that ranking decides your study order.
  3. Give the tell, the first move, and the trap for any type on demand.
  4. Read a question stem and name its type in under ten seconds.
  5. Build a study plan that spends your time in proportion to the test's own weighting.

The one idea underneath all of it: you cannot study everything, so study in frequency order.

Naruhodo Tutoring — SAT Math question bank export (sat-question-index.json) — the ordering in this deck is counted from the site's own tagged question bank

3. The Shape of the Section

Section

Section 1

4. What you are actually sitting

Concept

Before types, the container. The Math section of the digital SAT is two modules, and the second one adapts to how you did on the first.

Module 1Module 2
Questions2222
Time35 minutes35 minutes
Difficultymixed, fixed for everyoneeasier or harder, based on Module 1

None of that changes what is asked. The same nineteen types fill both modules.

College Board — Digital SAT Suite: test description and format — test format and timing

5. Where the points live: the official weighting

Picture it

College Board publishes how much of the section each of the four domains is worth. This is the blueprint every form is built to.

Figure (svg): Stacked bar of the four Math domains at their blueprint weights

Approximate operational weighting: Algebra and Advanced Math are about 35% each, the other two about 15% each

Read the consequence: Algebra and Advanced Math together are about seventy per cent of your Math score. Geometry, which students fear most, is the smallest slice.

6. The same four domains in this site's question bank

Picture it

Here is the same picture counted from the 1675 tagged questions in the bank you will actually practise on.

Figure (svg): Stacked bar of the four Math domains as counted in the local question bank

Counted from sat-question-index.json: Algebra 558, Advanced Math 482, Problem-Solving 368, Geometry 267

It is close, but not identical — the bank carries more Problem-Solving and Data Analysis than a real form does. Worth knowing so you do not over-weight statistics because the practice set does.

7. Which domain do students most over-study?

Prediction

A question about where attention goes, not where points are.

Predict first

Students routinely spend the largest share of their prep on one domain that is worth the least. Which one?

  • Algebra
  • Advanced Math
  • Problem-Solving and Data Analysis
  • Geometry and Trigonometry

Correct: Geometry and Trigonometry

Why: Geometry is about 15% of the section — roughly 6 or 7 questions — but it is the domain students remember as hard from school, so it eats prep time out of proportion. Meanwhile Advanced Math, at 35%, gets skipped because it looks intimidating. Study the weighting, not the memory.

8. All nineteen types, longest bar first

Picture it

This is the whole Math section on one slide. Every type you can be asked, sized by how often it appears in the bank.

Figure (svg): Horizontal bar chart of all nineteen Math question types ordered by frequency

Bars are coloured by domain: teal Algebra, purple Advanced Math, blue Problem-Solving, green Geometry

The shape of that chart is the argument of this entire deck. The top seven bars are more than half the section; the bottom six together are less than one seventh of it.

9. Put four types in frequency order

Ranking

Before we start. Order these from most common to least common in the bank.

Put in order

  1. Nonlinear functions
  2. Linear functions
  3. Percentages
  4. Circles

Why: Nonlinear functions is the single most common type at 14.0% — one question in seven. Linear functions follows at 9.2%. Percentages is 4.5%, and Circles is 3.0%. Nonlinear functions alone outweighs Percentages and Circles put together, nearly twice over.

10. Two answer formats, one of which people fumble

Concept

About a quarter of the section is student-produced response: no choices, you type the answer into a box. The maths is not harder. The formatting rules are where points leak.

Read that list twice. A correct answer typed as 1,500 scores zero, and no amount of algebra recovers it.

College Board — Digital SAT Suite: test description and format — student-produced response entry rules

11. The reference sheet, and what it does not carry

Concept

Every geometry formula you are expected to use is provided in the app. Memorising them is wasted effort; knowing which ones are missing is not.

given to youyou must know it yourself
Area and circumference of a circleSlope from two points
Area of a triangle and a rectangleThe quadratic formula
The Pythagorean theoremVertex form and what h and k mean
Special right triangles, 30-60-90 and 45-45-90SOH-CAH-TOA
Volume of box, cylinder, sphere, cone, pyramidPercent change as a multiplier
360 degrees and 2 pi radians in a circleExponent and radical rules

Everything in the right-hand column is algebra, which is exactly the domain worth seventy per cent. That is not a coincidence.

College Board — Digital SAT Suite Assessment Specifications, Math section: domain weightings and skill definitions — reference sheet contents

12. Desmos: three of these are true

Two truths and a lie

The built-in graphing calculator wins points on some types and quietly wastes minutes on others. Three of these claims are true. Eliminate them, and the one left standing is the false one.

Eliminate the wrong options

Which claim about Desmos is FALSE?

  • a. Typing both equations of a linear system and reading the intersection usually beats elimination
  • b. Graphing a quadratic to read its zeros beats factoring when the numbers are ugly
  • c. Desmos is the fastest route on an equivalent-expressions question
  • d. A shaded-region question can be settled by typing the inequality and looking

Survives elimination: c

Why: Equivalent expressions is the one type where Desmos is the slow road. The fastest route is to substitute a small number into the original and into all four choices, which is arithmetic you can do in your head. Typing five expressions into a calculator takes longer and introduces transcription errors. The rule of thumb: reach for Desmos when the question is about a picture — an intersection, a zero, a region — and leave it closed when the question is about a rewrite.

13. Three questions, asked of every single type

Pattern

This is the engine of the deck. For all nineteen types, you are learning exactly three things, in this order.

The Tell
What is on the screen that identifies this type? A word, a symbol, a shape of stem. You are pattern-matching, not reading for meaning yet.
The Move
What do you write first? Not the whole solution — the first line. Every type has one opening that beats the others.
The Trap
What is the wrong answer that was designed for you? Every type has one, and it is nearly always on the screen as a choice.

Nineteen types times three facts is fifty-seven things to know. That is a week of work, and it is worth more than a month of untargeted practice.

Every slide from here on is one card with those three panels: teal tell, green move, red trap.

14. Name the type from the stem alone

Warm-up

A warm-up you cannot yet do well. Come back to this slide at the end of the deck.

Discussion prompt

A stem reads: "The function f is defined by f(x) = 2(3)^x. What is the value of f(0)?" Which of the nineteen types is this, and what is the first thing you write?

Hint: Ask what shape the function is before you ask what is being computed.

Answer:

Type 1, Nonlinear functions — the tell is the variable sitting in the exponent, which makes it exponential rather than linear.

The first move is to recognise the form: in a times b to the x, the number a is the starting value, which is what f(0) asks for. The answer is 2, with no arithmetic at all.

The trap is computing 2 times 3 and answering 6, which is f(1), not f(0). Anything to the power zero is one.

15. Tier 1 · The Big Seven

Section

Section 2 — 57.9% of the section

16. Why these seven come first

Concept

The top seven types are 57.9 per cent of the bank between them — call it 25 of the 44 questions you will see.

#typesharerunning total
1Nonlinear functions14.0%14.0%
2Linear functions9.2%23.2%
3Nonlinear equations and systems8.7%31.9%
4Linear equations in two variables7.3%39.2%
5Systems of two linear equations6.6%45.8%
6Equivalent expressions6.1%51.9%
7Linear equations in one variable6.0%57.9%

Notice what they have in common: every one of the seven is Algebra or Advanced Math. Geometry does not appear until type 8.

17. Type 1 · Nonlinear functions

Picture it

The most common question on the test, by a clear margin: a function that is not a straight line. Quadratics, exponentials, polynomials and radicals all live here, and so does every question about a curved graph.

Figure (svg): Nonlinear functions: the tell, the move, and the trap

Nonlinear functions — 235 of 1675 bank questions (14.0%)

The single highest-value hour in your prep: learn to read the three forms of a quadratic and say what each one hands you for free. That hour pays for one question in seven.

18. Type 2 · Linear functions

Picture it

A constant rate of change, dressed as a story. Almost always a word problem, and almost always solvable by naming two numbers.

Figure (svg): Linear functions: the tell, the move, and the trap

Linear functions — 154 of 1675 bank questions (9.2%)

If you can answer what is true at zero and what happens each step, you have solved every linear-function question on the test.

19. Type 3 · Nonlinear equations and nonlinear systems

Picture it

Solving, rather than interpreting, when a curve is involved. Includes systems where one equation is a line and the other is not, and every question that asks how many solutions exist.

Figure (svg): Nonlinear equations and nonlinear systems: the tell, the move, and the trap

Nonlinear equations and nonlinear systems — 145 of 1675 bank questions (8.7%)

The discriminant is worth memorising cold: positive means two solutions, zero means one, negative means none. It turns a hard question into a ten-second one.

20. Type 4 · Linear equations in two variables

Picture it

The line itself, rather than a story about it. Two points, a slope and a point, a table, or a graph — and the question wants the equation, or something you can read off it.

Figure (svg): Linear equations in two variables: the tell, the move, and the trap

Linear equations in two variables — 122 of 1675 bank questions (7.3%)

Check the axis scale before you read anything off a graph. This is the most reliable way the test converts a student who knows the maths into a student who got it wrong.

21. Type 5 · Systems of two linear equations

Picture it

Two unknowns, two conditions. The most predictable type on the test, and the one Desmos handles best.

Figure (svg): Systems of two linear equations: the tell, the move, and the trap

Systems of two linear equations — 110 of 1675 bank questions (6.6%)

The solution-count rule, in one line: same slope and different intercept means no solution; same slope and same intercept means infinitely many; different slopes means exactly one.

22. Type 6 · Equivalent expressions

Picture it

No solving at all — just rewriting. Factoring, expanding, exponent rules, and combining rational expressions.

Figure (svg): Equivalent expressions: the tell, the move, and the trap

Equivalent expressions — 102 of 1675 bank questions (6.1%)

Substitution beats manipulation here. If you take one tactic from this deck into the test, take this one — it converts an algebra question into arithmetic.

23. Type 7 · Linear equations in one variable

Picture it

The simplest type on the test, and it still appears in six per cent of questions. One unknown, one equals sign, straight lines only.

Figure (svg): Linear equations in one variable: the tell, the move, and the trap

Linear equations in one variable — 101 of 1675 bank questions (6.0%)

Watch for the question that solves for x and then asks for 2x plus 1. The value of x is always one of the wrong answers, deliberately.

24. Check yourself on the big seven

Check

One question, and the point of it is the trap, not the algebra.

Check your understanding

The function g is defined by g(x) = (x minus 3)(x plus 5). What is the x-coordinate of the vertex of the graph of g?

  • A. negative 1 (correct)
  • B. 3
  • C. negative 5
  • D. negative 15

Answer: A

Why: The factored form hands you the zeros for free: x equals 3 and x equals negative 5. A parabola is symmetric, so its vertex sits exactly halfway between its zeros. Halfway between 3 and negative 5 is negative 1. No expanding, no formula, about eight seconds.

Why B tempts people
That is one of the two zeros, read straight out of the first bracket. It is a point on the curve, not the turning point.
Why C tempts people
That is the other zero, and the sign has also been copied wrongly — the factor (x plus 5) gives a zero at negative 5, which is right, but it is still not the vertex.
Why D tempts people
That is the product of the two constants, which is the y-intercept of the expanded form, not an x-coordinate at all.

This is Type 1 answered with the Type 1 move: the form you were given already had the answer in it.

25. The answer to a different question

Trap

The trap

The trap. A question ends: ...what is the value of 3x?

You solve carefully, get x equal to 4, see 4 among the choices, and pick it. The algebra was perfect. The answer is wrong.

This is not carelessness in the ordinary sense. The test places the value of x among the choices on purpose, on hundreds of questions, precisely because solving feels like finishing.

The fix

The fix, and it costs two seconds: before you start solving, underline or say aloud the thing being asked.

  1. Circle the final phrase of the stem: the value of 3x, the value of y, the value of x plus y.
  2. Solve as normal.
  3. Before selecting, read your underline again and ask: is this the quantity I just found?

On a 44-question section, students typically lose two to four points to this single habit. It is the cheapest fix available to you.

26. Sort six stems into their types

Discrimination

No solving. Read each stem and name the type — this is the ten-second skill the whole deck is built around.

Sort into buckets

Which type is each stem?

Nonlinear functions or equations
A colony doubles every 6 hours. Write a function for its size after t hours.; Solve: the square root of (2x plus 3) equals x.
Linear functions or equations
Line k passes through (2, 5) and (6, 13). What is its slope?; If 5x minus 2 equals 18, what is the value of 10x?; A plumber charges 40 dollars plus 25 dollars per hour. Write C(h).
Equivalent expressions
Which expression is equivalent to 4x squared minus 9?
nonlinear
Doubling puts the variable in an exponent, and a square root puts it under a radical. Both are curves, so both are Advanced Math. Note that (f) is the one that needs an extraneous-root check.
linear
A slope from two points, a one-variable solve, and a rate-plus-startup story are types 4, 7 and 2 respectively — all straight lines, all Algebra.
equiv
Nothing is being solved. A difference of two squares is a rewriting question: it factors as (2x minus 3)(2x plus 3).

27. Annotate a wrong line

Error analysis

A student's work on an equivalent-expressions question. One line is illegal. Find it before reading the notes.

Annotate

On: \( \frac{x^2 + 6x}{x} \;=\; x + 6x \;=\; 7x \)

  • The first step is the error, and it is the single most common algebra mistake on the test: cancelling the x in the denominator against only ONE of the two terms on top.
  • Cancelling is division, and division distributes over both terms or neither. Here it must hit x squared AND 6x.
  • Done correctly: x squared over x is x, and 6x over x is 6, so the expression is x plus 6.
  • The substitution check would have caught this instantly. Let x be 2: the original is (4 plus 12) over 2, which is 8. The student's answer 7x gives 14. Not equal, so a step was illegal.
  • This is why Type 6's move is substitute a number. It is not just faster — it is self-checking.

Every type has one signature error. For Equivalent expressions it is partial cancelling, and it survives into calculus if nobody names it.

28. Tier 2 · The Middle Six

Section

Section 3 — 27.9% of the section

29. The six that decide a 700

Concept

Types 8 to 13 are 27.9 per cent of the bank — roughly 12 of your 44 questions. Together with tier one that is 85.8 per cent, or about 38 questions.

#typesharerunning total
8Area and volume5.3%63.2%
9Ratios, rates, proportions, and units4.9%68.1%
10Lines, angles, and triangles4.7%72.8%
11Percentages4.5%77.3%
12One-variable data: centre and spread4.3%81.6%
13Linear inequalities in one or two variables4.2%85.8%

This is where the other three domains finally appear. If tier one gets you to roughly 600, tier two is the difference between 600 and 700.

30. Type 8 · Area and volume

Picture it

Shapes and solids. The formulas are all handed to you, so this type is never really about recall — it is about units and scaling.

Figure (svg): Area and volume: the tell, the move, and the trap

Area and volume — 88 of 1675 bank questions (5.3%)

Say the scaling rule until it is automatic: lengths scale by k, areas by k squared, volumes by k cubed. One sentence, worth a question on most forms.

31. Type 9 · Ratios, rates, proportions, and units

Picture it

Proportional reasoning and unit conversion. Mechanically easy, and the errors are almost always in the setup rather than the arithmetic.

Figure (svg): Ratios, rates, proportions, and units: the tell, the move, and the trap

Ratios, rates, proportions, and units — 82 of 1675 bank questions (4.9%)

Units are a free correctness check. If you cancel them and end up with miles per hour when the question wanted hours, stop — you have not made an arithmetic slip, you have set it up upside down.

32. Type 10 · Lines, angles, and triangles

Picture it

Angle chasing and similar triangles. The geometry that appears most often, and it rewards marking up the figure over reasoning in your head.

Figure (svg): Lines, angles, and triangles: the tell, the move, and the trap

Lines, angles, and triangles — 78 of 1675 bank questions (4.7%)

Similar triangles are the high-frequency half of this type. The tell is two triangles sharing an angle, and the move is always the same: corresponding sides, in the same order, as a ratio.

33. Type 11 · Percentages

Picture it

Percent of, percent change, discount, tax, interest. Ordinary arithmetic that becomes reliable the moment you stop computing percentages additively.

Figure (svg): Percentages: the tell, the move, and the trap

Percentages — 76 of 1675 bank questions (4.5%)

That 0.96 is the whole type in one number: a rise and an equal fall leave you four per cent down, every time, regardless of the starting amount.

34. Type 12 · One-variable data: centre and spread

Picture it

Mean, median, range, and standard deviation, read off a list, a table, a histogram or a box plot. Interpretive rather than computational.

Figure (svg): One-variable data: centre and spread: the tell, the move, and the trap

One-variable data: centre and spread — 72 of 1675 bank questions (4.3%)

The one sentence that answers most of this type: the mean chases outliers, the median ignores them. Standard deviation is about width, never about centre.

35. Type 13 · Linear inequalities in one or two variables

Picture it

The same algebra as equations, with one extra rule and one extra way to be asked. Regions in the plane belong here too.

Figure (svg): Linear inequalities in one or two variables: the tell, the move, and the trap

Linear inequalities in one or two variables — 71 of 1675 bank questions (4.2%)

Testing (0, 0) answers nearly every shaded-region question in one substitution. Use another point only when the boundary passes through the origin.

36. Check yourself on tier two

Check

A percentages question built the way the test builds them.

Check your understanding

A jacket is marked up 25 per cent from its cost, then put on sale at 20 per cent off the marked price. The sale price is what percent of the original cost?

  • A. 100 per cent (correct)
  • B. 105 per cent
  • C. 95 per cent
  • D. 45 per cent

Answer: A

Why: Use multipliers and let the cost be 1. Up 25 per cent is times 1.25; down 20 per cent is times 0.80. Together, 1.25 times 0.80 equals exactly 1.00, so the sale price is 100 per cent of the cost — the shop breaks even. Choosing a friendly number like 100 dollars gives the same result: 125, then 100.

Why B tempts people
That comes from adding 25 and subtracting 20 to get plus 5 per cent. Percentages do not add across successive changes; they multiply.
Why C tempts people
That is the same additive error with the subtraction applied to the wrong base, and it also mirrors the familiar up-20-down-20 result, which is 96 per cent, not this one.
Why D tempts people
That is 25 plus 20 treated as a single combined discount. It confuses the two directions entirely.

This is the rare case where the multipliers cancel exactly. That is precisely why it is asked — the intuitive answer, plus 5 per cent, is wrong and feels right.

37. The figure that lies

Trap

The trap

The trap. A triangle is drawn on screen. One angle looks like a right angle. You use the Pythagorean theorem, and every step after that is clean.

Underneath the figure, in small grey type, are the words not drawn to scale. There was no right angle. The theorem never applied.

The same trap runs on lengths: a side that looks twice another is not twice another, and a point that looks like a midpoint is not a midpoint.

The fix

The fix. Treat a figure as a diagram of relationships, not a measurement, unless you are told otherwise.

  1. Read the caption before the figure. Not drawn to scale changes what you are allowed to assume.
  2. Only use what is marked: a right-angle square, a tick mark for equal sides, a stated measure.
  3. If you need a right angle and nothing marks one, you are on the wrong path — find another route.
  4. When a figure IS to scale and no caption denies it, estimating from the picture is a legitimate way to eliminate choices.

Note the symmetry: the same caption that forbids you from measuring also licenses estimation when it is absent. Both directions are worth points.

38. Four data words that are constantly confused

Comparison

Fill the blanks from memory. These four turn up across types 11, 12 and 14, and mixing them up is a reliable way to lose points.

Comparison matrix

termwhat it measuresdoes an outlier move it?
Meanthe balance point of the datayes, strongly
Medianthe middle value in orderbarely
Rangelargest minus smallestyes, by definition
Standard deviationtypical distance from the meanyes, it widens

The median is the only one of the four that an outlier leaves essentially alone. That single fact answers most what-happens-to-the-data questions.

39. Tier 3 · The Long Tail

Section

Section 4 — 14.2% of the section

40. Six types, six questions, and why you still learn them

Concept

The last six types are 14.2 per cent of the bank — about 6 questions. Individually each is rare; together they are the gap between a strong score and a top one.

#typesharerunning total
14Two-variable data: models and scatterplots3.8%89.6%
15Right triangles and trigonometry3.0%92.6%
16Circles3.0%95.6%
17Probability and conditional probability2.5%98.1%
18Sample statistics and margin of error1.3%99.4%
19Evaluating statistical claims0.7%100%

Here is the useful property of the tail: these types have narrow, memorisable rules. Types 18 and 19 in particular are almost pure vocabulary — an hour spent there is close to guaranteed points.

41. Type 14 · Two-variable data: models and scatterplots

Picture it

A scatterplot with a fitted line or curve, and questions about what the model says. Interpretation, not calculation.

Figure (svg): Two-variable data: models and scatterplots: the tell, the move, and the trap

Two-variable data: models and scatterplots — 63 of 1675 bank questions (3.8%)

Whenever a choice says one thing causes another, look hard. Scatterplot data almost never licenses that word, and the test knows it is tempting.

42. Type 15 · Right triangles and trigonometry

Picture it

Right triangles, the three ratios, and the special triangles. A small, closed, memorisable topic that repays study out of proportion to its size.

Figure (svg): Right triangles and trigonometry: the tell, the move, and the trap

Right triangles and trigonometry — 51 of 1675 bank questions (3.0%)

One relationship gets tested directly and surprises people: sin of an angle equals cos of its complement. If sin x equals 0.6, then cos of (90 minus x) is also 0.6.

43. Type 16 · Circles

Picture it

Circle equations, arcs, sectors and radians. Two quite different sub-topics wearing one label.

Figure (svg): Circles: the tell, the move, and the trap

Circles — 50 of 1675 bank questions (3.0%)

Both halves reduce to one habit: get to standard form, then read. Everything a circle question asks is visible once the equation is in that shape.

44. Type 17 · Probability and conditional probability

Picture it

Almost always a two-way table. The arithmetic is trivial; identifying the correct denominator is the entire question.

Figure (svg): Probability and conditional probability: the tell, the move, and the trap

Probability and conditional probability — 42 of 1675 bank questions (2.5%)

Underline the words after given that and circle the row or column they name. The question becomes two numbers and a division.

45. Type 18 · Sample statistics and margin of error

Picture it

Surveys, confidence intervals and margins of error. Rare, narrow, and almost entirely a vocabulary test.

Figure (svg): Sample statistics and margin of error: the tell, the move, and the trap

Sample statistics and margin of error — 22 of 1675 bank questions (1.3%)

Two rules cover nearly every question here: bigger sample, narrower interval, and conclusions stop at the edge of the population you sampled.

46. Type 19 · Evaluating statistical claims

Picture it

The rarest type on the test, at 11 questions in 1675 — and the one with the highest ratio of points to study time, because it is a single distinction.

Figure (svg): Evaluating statistical claims: the tell, the move, and the trap

Evaluating statistical claims — 11 of 1675 bank questions (0.7%)

Learn this pair and you own the type: random assignment licenses cause; random selection licenses generalisation. Neither one gives you the other.

47. Check yourself on the tail

Check

A conditional probability question with the standard trap in place.

PassedFailedTotal
Studied42850
Did not study153550
Total5743100

Check your understanding

A student is chosen at random from those who passed. What is the probability that the student studied?

  • A. 42 out of 57 (correct)
  • B. 42 out of 100
  • C. 42 out of 50
  • D. 57 out of 100

Answer: A

Why: Chosen from those who passed restricts the population to the Passed column, whose total is 57. Of those 57, the number who studied is 42. So the probability is 42 out of 57.

Why B tempts people
That uses the grand total of 100, ignoring the restriction entirely. This is the single most common wrong answer on this type, and it is always offered.
Why C tempts people
That uses the Studied row total of 50. It answers a different question: given that a student studied, what is the chance they passed?
Why D tempts people
That is the overall pass rate, which does not involve studying at all.

Notice that choice C is the same two facts in the opposite order. Conditional probability is not symmetric, and the test builds a choice for the reversal every time.

48. Correlation dressed as cause

Trap

The trap

The trap. A scatterplot shows that towns with more libraries have higher reading scores. A choice reads: building more libraries would raise reading scores.

It matches the data, it sounds sensible, and it is the answer most students pick. It is wrong, and it is wrong for a reason the test tests deliberately.

Observational data cannot separate the libraries from everything that travels with them — funding, income, parental education. Any of those could produce the same plot.

The fix

The fix. Treat causal language as a red flag word, the way you treat always and never.

  1. Scan the choices for cause, causes, leads to, results in, would raise, would reduce.
  2. Ask: was there random assignment? If subjects were merely observed, no causal claim survives.
  3. Prefer the choice that describes an association, a relationship, or a tendency.
  4. The exception: if the stem explicitly describes an experiment with random assignment, cause is then legitimate — and the correct answer may well use it.

This single habit covers type 14, type 18 and type 19 — about 5.8 per cent of the section, from one reading rule.

49. Match each type to its first move

Matching

The whole deck compressed. Six types, six opening moves — no solving, just the first line you write.

Match the pairs

  • equiv. Equivalent expressions
  • cond. Conditional probability
  • circle. Circles (equation form)
  • pct. Percentages
  • region. Shaded region on a graph
  • sys. Systems of two linear equations
  • sub. Substitute a small legal number into the original and all four choices
  • denom. Name the denominator: which row or column did given that restrict you to?
  • square. Complete the square in x and in y
  • mult. Convert to a multiplier and multiply successive changes
  • origin. Test the point (0, 0)
  • slopes. Compare the two slopes before solving anything

Why: Every one of these openings replaces a page of algebra with a single decision. That is the entire claim of this deck: the first line you write matters more than how well you execute the rest.

50. Kill three choices without solving

Elimination

A rectangle has length 3 metres and width 2 metres. Every length is then tripled. What happens to the area?

Eliminate the wrong options

Which choice survives, and can you rule the others out before computing anything?

  • a. The area triples
  • b. The area is multiplied by 9
  • c. The area is multiplied by 27
  • d. The area is multiplied by 6

Survives elimination: b

Why: Lengths scale by 3, so area scales by 3 squared, which is 9. Checking: the original area is 6 square metres and the new one is 9 by 6, which is 54 — and 54 divided by 6 is 9. The three wrong answers are the three predictable confusions: using the factor, using its cube, and multiplying the sides.

51. What to Study

Section

Section 5 — the plan

52. Which topics to study, in order

Concept

This is the slide to photograph. It is the whole nineteen-type list in study order, with the running total of the section you have covered by the time you finish each one.

orderstudy thisdomainshareyou now cover
1Nonlinear functionsAdvanced Math14.0%14.0%
2Linear functionsAlgebra9.2%23.2%
3Nonlinear equations and systemsAdvanced Math8.7%31.9%
4Linear equations in two variablesAlgebra7.3%39.2%
5Systems of two linear equationsAlgebra6.6%45.8%
6Equivalent expressionsAdvanced Math6.1%51.9%
7Linear equations in one variableAlgebra6.0%57.9%
8Area and volumeGeometry5.3%63.2%
9Ratios, rates, proportions, unitsProblem-Solving4.9%68.1%
10Lines, angles, and trianglesGeometry4.7%72.8%
11PercentagesProblem-Solving4.5%77.3%
12One-variable data: centre and spreadProblem-Solving4.3%81.6%
13Linear inequalitiesAlgebra4.2%85.8%
14Two-variable data and scatterplotsProblem-Solving3.8%89.6%
15Right triangles and trigonometryGeometry3.0%92.6%
16CirclesGeometry3.0%95.6%
17Probability and conditional probabilityProblem-Solving2.5%98.1%
18Sample statistics and margin of errorProblem-Solving1.3%99.4%
19Evaluating statistical claimsProblem-Solving0.7%100%

Work down it. Do not skip ahead to the topic you find interesting, and do not start at 19 because it is short.

Naruhodo Tutoring — SAT Math question bank export (sat-question-index.json) — shares counted from 1675 tagged questions

53. What each tier buys you

Picture it

The same nineteen types grouped into the three tiers, sized by what they are worth.

Figure (svg): Stacked bar showing tier 1 at 57.9 per cent, tier 2 at 27.9 per cent and tier 3 at 14.2 per cent

Tier 1 is types 1-7, tier 2 is types 8-13, tier 3 is types 14-19

Read it as a schedule: tier one is most of your score, tier two is most of the rest, tier three is the polish. Spend your weeks in that ratio and nothing else.

54. A four-week plan you can actually follow

Concept

Four weeks, about five hours a week. The plan is built on the ranking, not on a textbook's chapter order.

weektypeswhat you do
11-3Three forms of a quadratic; a times b to the x; the discriminant. Drill 30 questions per type until the tell is instant.
24-7Lines, systems, and substitution-instead-of-algebra. Add a timed 22-question module at the end of the week.
38-13Reference sheet, scaling rule, multipliers, mean-versus-median, the sign flip. Mixed drill, no type labels.
414-19The tail, plus a full timed section. Two hours on types 17-19 alone, since they are almost pure vocabulary.

Khan Academy — Official Digital SAT Prep, Math — free official practice organised by these same skill tags

55. Diagnose three misses

Sorting

Three students describe how they lost a point. Sort each into which of the three facts failed them — this is exactly how your error log should work.

Sort into buckets

Tell, move, or trap?

The TELL failed — I misidentified the type
I did not realise it was asking about a vertex until I had already expanded everything; I spent two minutes before noticing the variable was in the exponent
The MOVE failed — right type, wrong opening
I knew it was a percentages question but I added 25 and subtracted 20
The TRAP caught me — I knew it and fell in anyway
I solved perfectly, got x equal to 6, and the answer wanted 2x; I used the Pythagorean theorem on a triangle that was not drawn to scale; I saw the two-way table and used the grand total as my denominator
tell
Recognition failures. These are fixed by mixed drilling with the type labels hidden, never by more practice on one type at a time.
move
You named the type but opened badly. Fixed by rehearsing the first line only: read 20 stems, write the opening move for each, solve none of them.
trap
The most frustrating and the most fixable. Every one of these has a two-second checking habit attached to it, listed on that type's card.

56. Where an hour of study actually goes furthest

Trade off

Not all study hours are worth the same. Fill in what one focused hour returns.

Comparison matrix

one hour spent onquestions it can affecthow learnable it is
Types 18 and 19 (stats vocabulary)about 1 questionvery high — two rules, closed topic
Type 1 (nonlinear functions)about 6 questionsmoderate — three forms to internalise
Grid-in formatting rulesup to 11 questionsvery high — it is a list to read once
Memorising the reference sheet0 questionsirrelevant — it is given to you

The bottom row is the point. Effort is not the same as return. Grid-in formatting takes ten minutes and protects a quarter of the section; memorising provided formulas protects nothing.

57. How to use this site's question bank

Concept

The 1675 questions behind this deck are tagged with the same nineteen skills, so you can practise in exactly the order this deck recommends.

  1. Filter to one type at a time while you are learning its tell and move.
  2. Once the tell is automatic, switch to mixed sets with the labels hidden — recognition only develops under mixing.
  3. Use the difficulty tag to check honestly: the bank is roughly a third easy, a third medium, a third hard.
  4. Read the rationale on every question you got right but guessed. A lucky point is a future lost point.

Practising a type you already own feels productive and teaches nothing. The error log tells you where to go; follow it rather than your preferences.

Naruhodo Tutoring — SAT Math question bank export (sat-question-index.json) — 1675 questions, tagged by domain, skill and difficulty

58. Say the ranking out loud

Explain it to yourself

Close the deck for this one. Retrieval, not recognition.

Discussion prompt

Without looking, name the top five Math question types in order, and give the tell for each.

Hint: The first three are worth 31.9 per cent between them. Two of the five are about lines.

Answer:

1. Nonlinear functions (14.0%) — a squared, cubed, rooted or exponential x; a curve on screen.

2. Linear functions (9.2%) — a per, a rate, a starting amount, a constant-step table.

3. Nonlinear equations and systems (8.7%) — solve with a square or a root, or how many solutions.

4. Linear equations in two variables (7.3%) — two points, a slope, parallel or perpendicular.

5. Systems of two linear equations (6.6%) — two equations at once, or no solution / infinitely many.

If you got the first three, you have named 31.9 per cent of the section from memory.

59. Teach the frequency argument to someone else

Explain it

Two minutes, out loud, to a friend who is about to start studying.

Discussion prompt

A friend says: I am going to start with geometry because it is my weakest area. What do you tell them, and what do you tell them to do instead?

Answer:

Weakest is the wrong axis. The right question is weakest times most common, because a topic you are bad at that is worth 3 per cent costs you less than a topic you are mediocre at that is worth 14 per cent.

Geometry and Trigonometry is about 15 per cent of the section — around 6 or 7 questions. Advanced Math is about 35 per cent.

What to do instead: start at type 1 and work down the ranking, but spend longer on the ranked types you are weak at. The order comes from the test; the pace comes from you.

The one exception worth granting: if a whole domain is genuinely blank for you, a short foundation pass first is reasonable. But it is a detour, not the plan.

60. How much of the section can you now name?

Commit first

Commit to a number before you check.

Predict first

If you can reliably name the type and the first move for types 1 through 7, what share of the Math section have you covered?

  • About one third
  • About half
  • About 58 per cent
  • About three quarters

Correct: About 58 per cent

Why: Types 1 to 7 sum to 57.9 per cent of the bank — roughly 25 of 44 questions. That is what seven types buys you, and it is why the ranking is the plan. Adding types 8 to 13 takes you to 85.8 per cent.

61. Exit ticket

Exit ticket

One question. Answer it before you close the deck.

Predict first

You have three hours of study left before the test and no idea where to spend them. What do you do first?

  • Take another full practice test
  • Re-read the error log and drill the types it names
  • Review the reference sheet formulas
  • Work through types 17, 18 and 19 because they are short

Correct: Re-read the error log and drill the types it names

Why: With three hours left, new practice generates data you no longer have time to act on. The error log is data you already paid for. Reviewing the reference sheet is worth nothing, since it is given to you during the test. And the tail types are only worth prioritising if the log says so — shortness is not a reason.

62. What to take away

Recap

Nineteen types. Three facts each. One ranking that decides your order.

never do thisdo this instead
Start with your weakest topicStart at the top of the frequency list, slow down where you are weak
Memorise the reference sheetMemorise the algebra it does not give you
Expand everything into standard formAsk which form already answers the question
Do algebra on equivalent expressionsSubstitute a small number into all five expressions
Add and subtract percentagesMultiply multipliers
Trust the figureCheck for not drawn to scale, then use only what is marked
Answer xRe-read the underline: it may have wanted 2x

Naruhodo Tutoring — SAT Math question bank export (sat-question-index.json) — and the site's SAT Math page to drill these nineteen types in order

Sources

  1. College Board — Digital SAT Suite: test description and format
  2. College Board — Digital SAT Suite Assessment Specifications, Math section: domain weightings and skill definitions — College Board, 2023
  3. Naruhodo Tutoring — SAT Math question bank export (sat-question-index.json) — 1675 questions carrying official domain, skill and difficulty tags; every percentage in this deck is counted from this file
  4. Khan Academy — Official Digital SAT Prep, Math

Want this taught 1-on-1? Alexander tutors SAT Prep — $55/session, free consultation.

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