Linear Algebra Intermediate

Matrix Definiteness Checker

Classify a symmetric matrix as positive definite, negative definite, positive semi-definite, negative semi-definite, or indefinite. Uses eigenvalues and Sylvester's criterion (leading principal minors).

Subject: Linear Algebra
Input: 2×2 or 3×3 symmetric matrix
Output: Classification + eigenvalues + minors
Live
Matrix Input
Warning: Matrix is not symmetric. Results use eigenvalues of the input as-is. For definiteness, A should equal Aáµ€.
Result
Enter a symmetric matrix and click Check Definiteness

Step-by-Step Work

Sylvester's Criterion
PD ⟺ all leading principal minors > 0

A symmetric matrix A is positive definite iff xᵀAx > 0 for all x ≠ 0, equivalently iff all eigenvalues are positive, equivalently iff all leading principal minors are positive.

Leading principal minors: Δ₁ = a₁₁, Δ₂ = det(top-left 2×2), Δ₃ = det(A) for 3×3.

Exam tip — PD matrices always arise as covariance matrices, Hessians at local minima, and Gram matrices of linearly independent vectors.
Classification Rules
  • All λ > 0 → Positive Definite (PD)
  • All λ < 0 → Negative Definite (ND)
  • All λ ≥ 0, some = 0 → PSD
  • All λ ≤ 0, some = 0 → NSD
  • Mixed λ signs → Indefinite

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